Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Membrane localisation and checkpoint blockade enhance xenoantigen delivery to redirect pre-existing immunity against tumours

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.01.708859

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Experimental timeline of the immunisation (i.e., vaccination) against OVA and subsequent tumour inoculation of the OVA-expressing B16F10 cell lines in mice. B) Titers of anti-OVA IgG per IgG subtypes in the plasma of the mice at d18. C) Percentage of OVA-specific CD8 + T cells against the immunogenic epitope OVA 257-264 (SIINFEKL) in the blood at d18 in pre-immunised mice (vax) or naïve mice (no vax) (n ≥ 3, mean ± SD, unpaired t-test). D, E) B16F10 melanoma cells, either wild-type (WT) or genetically modified to express high ( HI ) or low ( LO ) doses of membrane-bound OVA (B16mOVA) or soluble OVA (B16-OVA), were injected intradermally in C57BL/6 mice. Tumour growth (D) and associated survival (E) of the different OVA-expressing B16 cell lines in pre-immunised mice (n ≥ 5, mean ± SEM, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-test on d10, d14 or d26 for tumour growth, log-rank tests for survival). F) Potential anti-tumour mechanisms engaged by soluble (left) or membrane-bound (right) xenoantigens when expressed by cancer cells.

Article Snippet: Samples were applied to the antigen coated plate and incubated at RT for 2 h. The plates were washed three times with PBST and HRP-conjugated antibodies were used to detect antigen-specific antibodies: anti-mouse IgG1 (#1070-05), anti-mouse IgG2a (#1080-05), anti-mouse IgG2b (#1090-05) and anti-mouse IgG3 (#1100-05) from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Genetically Modified, Membrane, Injection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Membrane localisation and checkpoint blockade enhance xenoantigen delivery to redirect pre-existing immunity against tumours

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.01.708859

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Immunofluorescent staining of B16F10 WT melanoma with the TRP1-targeting TA99 antibody (scale bar = 100 μm). B) B16F10 WT tumour growth upon treatment with TA99 or IgG2a isotype control (n ≥ 4, mean ± SEM, Mann-Whitney test on d11). C) Design of FabTRP-OVA fusion protein and analysis of its production by SDS-PAGE (expected size = 92,3 kDa). D) Illustration of the FabTRP-OVA fusion protein approach for targeting the xenoantigen to the cancer cell membrane. E) Representative flow cytometry plot of FabTRP-OVA, OVA and no OVA (i.e., secondary antibody only) binding to the surface of B16F10 WT cells. F) B16F10 WT tumour growth when treated with FabTRP-OVA in pre-immunised or naïve mice (n ≥ 4, mean ± SEM, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-test on d12). G) B16F10 WT tumour growth when treated with FabTRP-OVA in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blocade therapy (n ≥ 4, mean ± SEM, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-test on d12). H) Experimental treatment timeline of xenoantigen delivery (i.e., FabTRP-OVA, OVA or PBS (vehicle only)) and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy in B16F10 WT in mice pre-immunised against OVA (Vax) or naïve (No vax). I, J) B16F10 WT tumour growth (I) and associated mouse survival (J) upon treatment with FabTRP-OVA, OVA or PBS in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy (n ≥ 5, mean ± SEM, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-test on d16, log-rank tests for survival).

Article Snippet: Samples were applied to the antigen coated plate and incubated at RT for 2 h. The plates were washed three times with PBST and HRP-conjugated antibodies were used to detect antigen-specific antibodies: anti-mouse IgG1 (#1070-05), anti-mouse IgG2a (#1080-05), anti-mouse IgG2b (#1090-05) and anti-mouse IgG3 (#1100-05) from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, SDS Page, Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Binding Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Membrane localisation and checkpoint blockade enhance xenoantigen delivery to redirect pre-existing immunity against tumours

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.01.708859

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Experimental timeline of the immunisation (i.e., vaccination) against varicella VZVO using Varivax or a combination of gE/CpG. B) IFΝγ quantification in the supernatant of gE restimulated (+) or non-restimulated (-) splenocytes, collected from mice immunized with Varivax, gE/CpG or PBS (i.e., naïve). Ionomycin+PMA was used as a positive control. C) Titers of anti-gE total IgG and per IgG subtypes in the plasma of the pre-immunised mice at d55 (before tumour implantation). D) Experimental treatment timeline of xenoantigen delivery (i.e., Varivax, gE or PBS (vehicle only)) and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade treatment in B16F10 WT in mice pre-immunised with Varivax against varicella VZVO . E, F) B16F10 WT tumour growth (E) and associated mouse survival (F) upon treatment with Varivax, gE or PBS in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade (n ≥ 7, mean ± SEM, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-test on d16, log-rank tests for survival).

Article Snippet: Samples were applied to the antigen coated plate and incubated at RT for 2 h. The plates were washed three times with PBST and HRP-conjugated antibodies were used to detect antigen-specific antibodies: anti-mouse IgG1 (#1070-05), anti-mouse IgG2a (#1080-05), anti-mouse IgG2b (#1090-05) and anti-mouse IgG3 (#1100-05) from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Positive Control, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: In-Situ Self-Assembling Oligomeric Collagen Scaffold Enhances Vaccine Retention and Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity

doi: 10.3390/vaccines13111146

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Oligomer scaffold and CpG adjuvant on the humoral immune response. ( a ) OVA-specific IgG-secreting ASCs in bone marrow quantified by ELISpot, with representative images from one mouse per group. The frequency of ASCs was quantified on ( b ) Day 32 and ( c ) Day 68. Serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels were measured by ELISA on ( b ) Day 32 and ( c ) Day 68 to evaluate the magnitude and persistence of the humoral response, and the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was determined. ( d ) Reactivity of serum IgG with type I collagen. Four mice were used per group, and box-and-whisker plots show the median with 25th–75th percentiles. Bars indicate mean ± SEM ( n = 4 per group); statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. ns, not statistically significant; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Bound antibodies were detected using peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1030-05), IgG1 (1073-05), or IgG2a (1080-05; SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL, USA) and developed with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA).

Techniques: Adjuvant, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Whisker Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Profiling Allogeneic HLA-specific B-cell Responses Utilizing a 64-plex Single-HLA Reporter Cell Panel

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.19.700453

Figure Lengend Snippet: The HLA64-RC panel was labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated Abs or with unconjugated primary Abs followed by fluorochrome-conjugated secondary Abs. Following flow cytometry acquisition, data were analyzed using FlowJo ™ software. Live cell events were demultiplexed into 64 populations based on the six FP channels as in . Stacked histograms of the demultiplexed populations show fluorescence intensities corresponding to Ab labeling. Histograms are grouped by HLA-A (dark red), HLA-B (green), HLA-DQ (blue), and HLA-DR (purple) alleles, displayed upward in the order indicated on the far-right. Blue labels positioned in the upper-right (top row) or lower-right (bottom row) corners denote the reported specificities of the corresponding mAbs. hIgG1K and hIgG1L, human IgG1κ and IgG1λ isotype control Abs. BB7.2-hIgG1K, BB7.2 in human IgG1κ format. Anti-hIgG-PE and anti-mIgG-PE, PE-conjugated anti-human or anti-mouse IgG secondary Abs. SA-PE, PE-conjugated streptavidin.

Article Snippet: Following three additional washes, a cocktail of HRP-conjugated anti-human Igκ (Southern Biotech, 2061-05) and anti-human Igλ (Southern Biotech, 2071-05) Abs was added.

Techniques: Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Software, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Profiling Allogeneic HLA-specific B-cell Responses Utilizing a 64-plex Single-HLA Reporter Cell Panel

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.19.700453

Figure Lengend Snippet: Using the HLA64-RC panel, ten serum samples (#01–#10) from sensitized transplant candidates were tested for HLA-binding activities at 1/3 serial dilutions from 1:2 to 1:486, followed by secondary labeling using PE-conjugated anti-human IgG at 2 µg/ml. Raw binding data are shown in Supplementary Document 1. The dilutions yielding the highest signal-to-background ratio for individual samples were selected and MFI values (Supplementary Data 3) were compared with those obtained from clinical SAB assays (Supplementary Data 4) using the same samples. a) Heatmaps comparing log 10 (MFI) values for shared alleles between the HLA64-RC and SAB assays. The selected dilutions for the HLA64-RC assay were indicated in parentheses. For the SAB assay, serum samples were tested neat. Alleles with MFI values below the binding threshold (see Methods) are shown in grey. Reactivities detected by the HLA64-RC assay but absent in the SAB assay are highlighted with blue boxes. b) Dot plots comparing log 10 (MFI) values for shared alleles between the HLA64-RC and SAB assays, as in ( a ). Data from multiple samples were pooled and plotted separately for HLA-A, -B, -DQ, and -DR loci, with color and shape indicating individual alleles within each locus. For consistency, only serum samples tested at 1:2 dilution in the HLA64-RC assay in ( a ) were included. Within each locus, Lin’s CCC with 95% bootstrap confidence interval (CI), Spearman correlation, and SMA regression with 95% bootstrap CI were calculated using log 10 (MFI) values from the two assays. Solid diagonal lines represent SMA regression fits; dotted lines indicate the 95% CI.

Article Snippet: Following three additional washes, a cocktail of HRP-conjugated anti-human Igκ (Southern Biotech, 2061-05) and anti-human Igλ (Southern Biotech, 2071-05) Abs was added.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Profiling Allogeneic HLA-specific B-cell Responses Utilizing a 64-plex Single-HLA Reporter Cell Panel

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.19.700453

Figure Lengend Snippet: HLA monomer-binding single B-cell culture supernatants were screened using the HLA64-RC assay. R952-X06 and R952-X08 to -X12 cultures were derived from phenotyping antibody Panel 1 mediated sorting, and the rest from Panel 2 sorting. Secondary labeling was performed using PE-conjugated anti-human IgG (2 μg/ml). Flow cytometry data were analyzed and visualized using the HLA64 R package, and MFI values were exported (Supplementary Data 5). Demultiplexed HLA alleles corresponding to individual reporter cell populations are indicated on the right. Data are shown for HLA-specific cultures, and only HLA-A and -B loci are plotted. Human IgG1κ (hIgG1K), W6/32 in human IgG1κ format (W6/32-hIgG1K), and a no-B-cell culture supernatant were included as labeling controls. Populations exceeding the binding threshold (see Methods) relative to the no-Bcell control were automatically highlighted in red.

Article Snippet: Following three additional washes, a cocktail of HRP-conjugated anti-human Igκ (Southern Biotech, 2061-05) and anti-human Igλ (Southern Biotech, 2071-05) Abs was added.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Control